The difference between a W-9 and a 1099 comes down to purpose and timing. A W-9 form is filled out by a contractor or freelancer to provide their taxpayer information (like name and Tax ID) to a business. A 1099 form (usually 1099-NEC) is then issued by the business at year-end to report how much that contractor was paid to the Internal Revenue Service. In short, the W-9 collects information upfront, while the 1099 reports income later for tax filing.